1. The properties of tin
(1) The main physical properties of tin
Density (20°C): 7.3g/cm3
Melting point: 231.9°C
Boiling point: 2625°C
Average specific heat (0～20℃): 226J/(kg K)
Heat of fusion: 7.08kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 296.4kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity (0～100℃): 73.2W/(m·K)
Resistivity (20°C: 12.6μΩ·cm
Tin is relatively soft and has good ductility, but poor ductility.
Tin has three allotropes: gray tin (α-Sn), white tin (β-Sn) and brittle tin (γ-Sn). What people usually see is white tin, which is stable between 13.2 and 161 °C. Below 13.2, it begins to transform into gray tin, but the transformation speed is very slow. When it is supercooled to about -30°C, the transformation speed reaches the maximum. Gray tin first appears as small scattered spots on the surface of white tin. As the temperature decreases, the spots gradually cover the entire surface, and then the whole piece of tin is broken into powder.
(2) The main chemical properties of tin
Tin has strong corrosion resistance to many gases and weak acids or bases at room temperature. When the temperature is higher than 150°C, tin can interact with gas to form SnO and SnO2, and at red-hot high temperature, tin is rapidly oxidized and volatilized. Tin has no effect with water, water vapor and carbon dioxide at room temperature, but can react with fluorine and chlorine to form the corresponding halides. Tin and sulfur or sulfur dioxide when heated.
function to form sulfides. The standard electrode potential of divalent tin is -0.136 volts, but due to the high overpotential of H on metal tin, tin reacts slowly with dilute inorganic acids, but does not work with many organic acids. However, when heated, tin can react with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and tin reacts with dilute solutions of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate to form stannate or stannate. The electrochemical equivalent of divalent tin is 2.215 g/(ampere-hour), and the electrochemical equivalent of tetravalent tin is 1.108 g/(ampere-hour).
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